18.03.2015 21:39
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Wednesday, March 18, 2015
Vlad sailors. The reunification of the Crimea with Russia: a year later. Part 1 – a REGNUM
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All that is necessary to remember about “Crimean crisis” and “Crimean Spring»
A year ago, Crimeans, going to a referendum and voting for joining Russia, most feared that it would be in PMR or Abkhazia, and firmly believed – Russia will protect. That there was no blood – still seems a miracle, even more so now that the Crimea travel refugees from the eastern regions of Ukraine.
What were afraid ?
Let’s avoid cliches “junta”, “Bandera” and “pravoseki.” Number, now recognized in Russia terrorist organization “Right Sector” was a year ago in Ukraine hardly more than the number of neo-Nazis in St. Petersburg – so joke in Ukraine. Crimea indifferent to the “Maidan”: shares Euromaidan in the political activity of the peninsula city of Sevastopol collected 30 Euromaidan supporters and 50 opponents in November 2013. Their disputes and clashes will not name, the police can easily handle. The situation changed when deployed on Maidan black and red flags – that this is not understood in the Crimea. “Nationalists came to power? It’s time to bring down “- so reacted to the population of the peninsula: there were roadblocks, folk guard near the building of executive power. The more Ukrainian TV channels took the side of “the people” from the Maidan, the more Crimeans went in the town square to hold rallies, written into the ranks of self-defense. And the more afraid that when the end mayhem legitimate power in Kiev, will travel to pacify “unruly Crimea”. Black-and-red flag brought with them to the walls of the Tatars of the Crimean parliament February 26, 2014, giving a clear message of Crimeans: “They are here!”. Understands the then leader of the Crimean Tatars Mustafa Cemil what it was a mistake?
Was the choice ?
The idea to go to Russia as early as 2013 was not Crimea as popular as the beginning of 2014. Pro-Russian activists were in the minority and were considered outcasts. Crimea gave “Party of Regions” (leader – then President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych) consistently high interest in all elections and political parties of the “Russian bloc” in Sevastopol barely passed in the elections to the city council. The more Crimeans wanted to dissociate themselves from what is happening in Kiev “revolution dignity”, the more support the idea of getting to go to Russia. “Well, where else? Who can intercede for us, if not the Black Sea Fleet? “. The idea of full independence of the Crimea, as well as options for the accession of Turkey, politicians seriously Peninsula were not considered.
The turning solution
At the end of 2013 the deputy of the Sevastopol City Council Sergei Smoljaninov called in an open letter to Vladimir Putin, the Russian troops entered the territory of Ukraine. For which he received a scolding from party members and nearly ruined his career. Seriously it in “Party of Regions” is not accepted. Record volunteers in self-defense in Sevastopol start the party “Russian bloc” in January 2014. The goal – opposition Evromaydanu slogan “Sevastopol-Crimea-Russia” had rather programmatic nature than declarative.
According to a source of pro-Russian among social activists, the first meeting at which the Black Sea Fleet Commander Alexander Vitko called to start mobilization of the Cossacks and pro-Russian activists to form self-defense groups in the Crimea, passed at the beginning of February 2014. Even then, was designated course “to Moscow».
As later admitted Russian President Vladimir Putin, he has decided to “rescue the Crimea” on the night of February 23 and ordered to conduct special operations.
According to the memoirs of the current head of the republic of Crimea Sergey Aksenov, a final decision by him and his supporters was adopted on 27 February, when “unknown armed men” captured administrative buildings in Simferopol – that was the point of no return. March 1, 2014, the newly elected head of the republic appealed to the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin to “to assist in ensuring peace and tranquility in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea” and an active phase blocking Ukrainian military units of the Russian military.
How did you manage to do without victims ?
Victims nobody wanted, but they were. That everything went without bloodshed – misleading. By the Crimean parliament February 26, 2014 came several thousand people – representatives of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people and pro-Russian activists. In the crush in front of the Supreme Council of Crimea injured 30 people, two were killed, the investigation of the tragedy is still ongoing. There was a few more victims: March 18, at the siege of Ukrainian activists Self Defense photogrammetric center in Simferopol, unknown sniper near the building opened fire on everyone indiscriminately. Cossack died of self-defense and Ukrainian military. A few more people were injured. Another Ukrainian soldier was shot dead by the Russian military in the hostel in Novofedorovka April 6, according to various versions of the conflict arose from domestic violence, or on the grounds of “personal animosity».
According to the Ukrainian and Russian officers who served in the Navy in the Crimea in February 2014, when the military became clear what all goes, between the Russian and Ukrainian officers who have years of training together in exercises and general parade on May 9, it was agreed: that did not happen, in Sevastopol should be peace, and not of his wife be afraid to let children play in the yard. Later negotiations on non-weapons held between officers regularly.
Why Ukrainian military did not fire ?
There was no order. Yes, and there was none to give such an order. Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Ukraine President Viktor Yanukovych was. By the time the armed men in the Crimea, unmarked, in connection with the Ukrainian Navy command was not there. The commander of the Ukrainian Navy Vladimir Ilyin went to the hospital (according to the IA REGNUM , he had a heart attack). March 1 new Ukrainian government was appointed commander of the Ukrainian Navy Rear Admiral Denis Berezovsky. Having been to the post, Berezovsky issued an order according to which the Ukrainian military units in Crimea was supposed to offer no resistance to Russian troops and lay down their arms in case of blocking of military units and military camps. March 2 Berezovsky dismissed the new Defense Minister Igor Tenyukh “for failing to organize the command and control in extreme conditions».
On the same day the newly elected head of the Crimea Sergey Aksenov has signed an order appointing the commander of the Navy ARC Rear Admiral Dennis Berezovsky. In Sevastopol, in the presence of Sergei Aksenov and the Black Sea Fleet of Russia Alexander Vitko Berezovsky swore allegiance to the people of Crimea. At this point, the Russian military build-up has its group in Crimea until the required number of them and successfully blocked the Ukrainian military units. Moment for a possible armed resistance was lost.
What is important and composition of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the peninsula. Most of them were Crimeans and were not motivated to armed resistance.
Why Ukrainian military did not give up ?
The last units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine were taken after referendum March 16. For a long time did not give up those military, who planned to continue to serve in the Ukraine. Others were not clear rules putting neither the new commander of the Ukrainian Navy Rear Admiral Sergei Haiduk appointed instead Berezovsky nor staff officers of the Ukrainian Navy did not accept the proposal Berezovsky to the side of the new Crimean government, sounded like “Go to the people of the Crimea.” On the transition to the service in the Russian Federation were not discussed. Which state is the “people of the Crimea” – in the period from 27 February to 18 March was not clear. In the absence of clear orders from the supreme commander (one can not assume the order of “If necessary, allow to open fire”?) And confusion in the Crimea, Ukrainian military did not understand what to do, so I prefer to be on duty and in the arrangement of its parts , waiting to see what will happen next. What happened in the Armed Forces of Ukraine in Crimea, Ukrainian is well illustrated by broadcast channel “1 + 1″, in which Defense Minister Igor Tenyukh talked on Skype with the deputy commander of the Kerch Marine battalions Aleksey Nikiforov. After this ester Russian personnel officers became easier to recruit to the ranks of the Black Sea Fleet Ukrainian soldiers.
How disarmed Ukrainian military
According to the Verkhovna Rada appointed to the post and. o. Defense Minister Igor Tenyukh, in the Crimea and Sevastopol were 18.8 thousand. Ukrainian soldiers. Representatives of the Navy – 11.9 thousand., Air Force – 2.9 thousand., The other military units – 4 thousand. After the blockade military units and ships Ukraine Russian military forces, a group of ships the State Border Service of Ukraine managed to escape from Balaklava in Odessa and Ukrainian Navy ship was part of the beginning of the operation is blocked by Russian watercraft in three bays of the Crimea: Musketeers and the North Bay of Sevastopol and at the base of Lake Donuzlav. Eventually, after several weeks of siege, Russian troops took Ukrainian Navy ships in the melee.
In the land of the “little green men” came first with proposals lay down their arms, and then came in armored vehicles, blocked part. Left, back – pressured morally. In the end, came with the Cossacks and self-defense, KAMAZ and armored personnel carriers broke the gate and hand to hand grip a portion. Took away their arms and were taken to the arsenal of Ukrainian Navy or demanded that the Ukrainian military themselves took their weapons in their arsenal, but accompanied by the Russian military. After this part of no one else block, and with the staff started working personnel officers – were recruited on the Black Sea Fleet.
The referendum on March 16
In a referendum issued two question: “entering the Crimea to Russia as a subject of the federation” or “restoration of the 1992 Constitution, while maintaining the Crimea as part of Ukraine.” The possibility of a negative answer to both questions and “leave everything as it was,” the organizers of the referendum is not provided. According to official figures, turnout 83.1% of the voters of the ARC, of which about 96.77% voted for annexation of Crimea to Russia, in Sevastopol, respectively 89,5% and 95,6%.
Ukrainian military equipment
Russia was going to return to Ukraine military equipment from the Crimea – tanks, ships, planes. Total Ukrainian Navy should have received about 70 warships and vessels. The Russian Navy has not seen in the expediency of further exploitation of the majority of remaining in the Crimea of ships and vessels of the Ukrainian Navy because of their physical deterioration and structural obsolescence. Ukraine managed to get a missile boat and tanker Pryłuki Fastow. July 5, Russia suspended the transfer of military equipment from the Crimea to Ukraine because of the events in the Donbas. Now Ukrainian ships in Sevastopol bays are shaded with tail number. Discusses options for their flooding and turning into artificial reefs.
Emigration Ukrainians conclusion Ukrainian Armed Forces personnel
According to Ukrainian official figures, the Crimea in 2014 left about 20 thousand. man, who did not wish to live in the “Russian occupation”. In Ukraine, they have the status of persons “temporarily displaced from the occupied territories.” According to unofficial data, Crimea left about 50 thousand. Man. Left, above all, the Ukrainian military families (mainly in Odessa – there is a new naval base in Ukraine) and officials, as well as Ukrainians, which was uncomfortable to live in the Russian Crimea.
Of the 18.8 thousand. Ukrainian troops , went to mainland Ukraine and came to the collection points for further service about 4 thousand. man. Most of them were leaving at his own expense, Ukraine did not help them. The rest either just stayed in the Crimea, or went to serve in the Russian army – at all on them at the former “homeland” have brought criminal charges for treason and desertion.
March 18 – a special day for the Crimea
March 18 in the Crimea – a holiday and regular holiday. On this day in 2014 in the Great Hall of the Kremlin, Russian President Vladimir Putin addressed the deputies of the State Duma, the Federation Council members, heads of Russian regions and representatives of civil society with the words: “Today, based on the results of the referendum, which was held in Crimea, based on the will people, am submitting a request to the Federal Assembly, and to consider the adoption of the Constitutional Law of the Russian Federation of two new entities: Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, as well as to ratify prepared to sign an agreement on joining the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol to the Russian Federation. I do not doubt your support! “. On the same day the treaty was signed, and within the Russian Federation is formed Crimean Federal District, consisting of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol city of federal significance.
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